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Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
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Preventive exercise attenuates IL-2-driven mood disorders in multiple sclerosis.

Luana Gilio1, Diego Fresegna2, Antonietta Gentile2

  • 1Unit of Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy.

Neurobiology of Disease
|July 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Regular exercise in early multiple sclerosis (MS) can reduce mood disorders by normalizing interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This suggests exercise may be a disease-modifying therapy for MS patients.

Keywords:
AnxietyDepressionExerciseInflammationMultiple sclerosis

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Rehabilitation

Background:

  • Elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proinflammatory molecules are linked to disability, neurodegeneration, and mood disorders in multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • Animal models suggest exercise can modulate the immune system and improve motor and behavioral outcomes in MS.
  • This study investigates the impact of physical activity on clinical presentation, central inflammation, and mood in newly diagnosed MS patients and explores the causal link in animal models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the effect of lifestyle physical activity on clinical symptoms and central inflammation in newly diagnosed MS patients.
  • To determine the causal relationship between exercise-induced immunomodulation and mood symptoms in an animal model of MS.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study of 235 relapsing-remitting MS patients categorized by physical activity levels (sedentary, lifestyle activity, exercise).
  • Clinical, neuropsychological, psychiatric, MRI, and CSF cytokine analyses were performed.
  • Behavioral and electrophysiological studies in mice, including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) models and IL-2 administration.

Main Results:

  • Exercising MS patients showed reduced depression and anxiety compared to sedentary patients.
  • MS patients had higher CSF IL-2 and IL-6 levels than controls; exercise normalized IL-2 levels.
  • In EAE mice, pre-disease exercise reduced behavioral deficits and IL-2 expression; IL-2 administration induced mood disorders in healthy mice.

Conclusions:

  • Exercise exhibits an immunomodulatory effect in MS patients, potentially reducing mood disorders through decreased CSF IL-2.
  • Early-stage exercise may function as a disease-modifying therapy for MS.
  • Further longitudinal studies are required to confirm the long-term benefits of exercise in MS management.