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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...

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Photothrombosis-induced Focal Ischemia as a Model of Spinal Cord Injury in Mice
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Spontaneous spinal cord infarction: a practical approach.

George Thomas1, Vafa Alakbarzade2, Yezen Sammaraiee3

  • 1Department of Older Persons' Medicine, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK.

Practical Neurology
|July 14, 2022
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Summary

Spinal cord infarction, though rare, presents distinct symptoms due to the spinal cord's anatomy. Prompt management and rehabilitation are crucial for better patient outcomes in spinal cord stroke.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Vascular Neurology
  • Spinal Cord Medicine

Background:

  • Spinal cord infarction is a rare vascular event, contrasting with more common cerebrovascular diseases.
  • The spinal cord's compact structure leads to pronounced symptoms even with small infarcts, unlike brain lesions.
  • Epidemiological data on spinal cord stroke incidence remains scarce as it's often excluded from large stroke studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the clinical presentation and management challenges of spontaneous spinal cord infarction.
  • To emphasize the importance of early recognition and intervention for improving patient prognosis.
  • To underscore the evolving nature of rehabilitation strategies for spinal cord infarction survivors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature, including case series and reports, on spontaneous spinal cord infarction.
  • Analysis of clinical manifestations and diagnostic approaches.
  • Examination of current management and prevention strategies.

Main Results:

  • Small spinal cord infarcts typically cause more evident neurological deficits than comparable brain infarcts.
  • Management guidelines are primarily derived from limited case-based evidence.
  • Prompt medical attention and complication management significantly improve outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Spinal cord infarction requires timely diagnosis and management, drawing from limited evidence.
  • Preventing complications associated with paralysis and dysfunction is key to patient recovery.
  • Rehabilitation protocols for spinal cord infarction are continuously developing.