Single-Domain Antibody Theranostics on the Horizon

Area of Science:

• Molecular imaging
• Antibody engineering
• Theranostics

Background:

• Single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) are emerging as key vectors for molecular imaging tracers.
• Existing sdAb tracers target receptors like human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and programmed death ligand 1, with some in clinical use.
• A significant challenge with radiolabeled single-valent sdAbs is high kidney retention, hindering therapeutic potential.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in sdAb-derived agents for molecular imaging and therapy.
• To explore strategies for overcoming kidney retention issues in radiolabeled sdAbs.
• To enhance the theranostic value of sdAb-based radiotracers.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of single-domain antibody engineering strategies.
• Analysis of pharmacokinetic profiles and kidney retention of radiolabeled sdAbs.
• Evaluation of PEGylation and renal cleavable linkers for improved biodistribution.

Main Results:

• Single-domain antibodies are versatile platforms for targeted molecular imaging.
• High kidney retention is a common limitation for radiolabeled sdAbs.
• Engineering approaches can mitigate pharmacokinetic challenges.

Conclusions:

• Further development of sdAb-derived agents is crucial for advancing molecular imaging and theranostics.
• Strategies to reduce kidney retention are essential for optimizing the clinical utility of radiolabeled sdAbs.
• Improved pharmacokinetics will enhance the theranostic value of these promising agents.