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The deciphering of the immune cells and marker signature in COVID-19 pathogenesis: An update
Saade Abdalkareem Jasim1, Roaa Salih Mahdi2, Dmitry Olegovich Bokov3,4
1Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar-Ramadi, Iraq.
Abstract:
The precise interaction between the immune system and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical in deciphering the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and is also vital for developing novel therapeutic tools, including monoclonal antibodies, antivirals drugs, and vaccines. Viral infections need innate and adaptive immune reactions since the various immune components, such as neutrophils, macrophages, CD4+ T, CD8+ T, and B lymphocytes, play different roles in various infections. Consequently, the characterization of innate and adaptive immune reactions toward SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for defining the pathogenicity of COVID-19. In this study, we explain what is currently understood concerning the conventional immune reactions to SARS-CoV-2 infection to shed light on the protective and pathogenic role of immune response in this case. Also, in particular, we investigate the in-depth roles of other immune mediators, including neutrophil elastase, serum amyloid A, and syndecan, in the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19.
Insights
Understanding the immune system's response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is key for COVID-19 treatment. This study details immune reactions and explores mediators like neutrophil elastase in COVID-19 pathogenesis.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
- Pathogenesis
Background:
- The immune system's interaction with SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for understanding COVID-19.
- Both innate and adaptive immune responses, involving various immune cells, are vital for viral infections.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the conventional immune reactions to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
- To investigate the roles of specific immune mediators in COVID-19 immunopathogenesis.
Main Methods:
- Review of current understanding of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2.
- In-depth analysis of immune mediators such as neutrophil elastase, serum amyloid A, and syndecan.
Main Results:
- Characterization of innate and adaptive immune reactions to SARS-CoV-2.
- Exploration of the protective and pathogenic roles of the immune response in COVID-19.
Conclusions:
- The study provides insights into the complex immune response to SARS-CoV-2.
- Understanding these mechanisms aids in developing therapeutic strategies for COVID-19.
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