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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
1.0K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.1K
Torsional Pendulum01:09

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A torsional pendulum involves the oscillation of a rigid body in which the restoring force is provided by the torsion in the string from which the rigid body is suspended. Ideally, the string should be massless; practically, its mass is much smaller than the rigid body's mass and is neglected.
As long as the rigid body's angular displacement is small, its oscillation can be modeled as a linear angular oscillation. The amplitude of the oscillation is an angle. The role of mass is played...
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Forced Oscillations01:06

Forced Oscillations

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When an oscillator is forced with a periodic driving force, the motion may seem chaotic. The motions of such oscillators are known as transients. After the transients die out, the oscillator reaches a steady state, where the motion is periodic, and the displacement is determined.
6.7K
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

1.0K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.0K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.1K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the...
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Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque
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Mutual synchronization of spin-torque oscillators within a ring array.

M A Castro1, D Mancilla-Almonacid1, B Dieny2

  • 1Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Departamento de Física, CEDENNA, Avda. V. Jara 3493, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile.

Scientific Reports
|July 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spin torque nano-oscillators (STNOs) in a ring arrangement exhibit in-phase and splay modes. Inducing current mismatches reveals the in-phase mode has a larger locking range, crucial for developing magnetic devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Spintronics
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nonlinear Dynamics

Background:

  • Spin torque nano-oscillators (STNOs) are promising for magnetic device applications.
  • Coupled STNOs in arrays can exhibit complex collective dynamics.
  • Understanding phase locking is critical for device functionality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To numerically and analytically study a ring array of dipolar-coupled STNOs.
  • To investigate phase patterns and locking ranges under varying conditions.
  • To explore the impact of current density mismatch on STNO array behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations of STNO arrays.
  • Analytical treatment of coupled STNO dynamics.
  • Extraction of phase patterns and locking ranges.

Main Results:

  • Identified two degenerate modes for identical currents: in-phase and splay modes.
  • Observed additional phase shifts upon introducing current density mismatches.
  • Found the in-phase mode possesses a larger locking range than the splay mode.
  • Demonstrated locking range dependence on STNO number and separation.

Conclusions:

  • The collective dynamics of STNO arrays are sensitive to current density.
  • The in-phase mode offers greater robustness against phase perturbations.
  • Results provide insights for designing advanced magnetic devices utilizing STNO arrays.