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Correlation of SARS-CoV-2 infection severity with ABO blood groups and RhD antigen: a case-control study

Nazaneen Akbar Omer1, Sarwer Jamal Al-Bajalan2, Heshu Sulaiman Rahman3,4

  • 1Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq.

The Journal of International Medical Research
|July 15, 2022
PubMed

Insights

This study found no link between blood types (ABO and RhD) and the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or hospitalization risk in Iraqi-Kurdish patients. Blood group does not appear to influence COVID-19 outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Previous research explored links between ABO blood groups and COVID-19 severity.
  • The RhD antigen's role in COVID-19 outcomes also remains an area of interest.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between ABO blood groups and RhD antigen status with symptomatic COVID-19.
  • To determine if specific blood types increase the risk of hospitalization due to COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • An observational case-control study involving 530 Iraqi-Kurdish COVID-19 patients.
  • Patients were categorized into severe (hospitalized) and mild/moderate (home-treated) groups.
  • Comparison of ABO and RhD antigen distributions with 1698 pre-pandemic control records.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in ABO and RhD antigen distributions were observed between COVID-19 cases and controls.
  • No specific ABO blood group was identified as a risk factor for hospitalization, indicating no association with infection severity.

Conclusions:

  • No significant association was found between symptomatic COVID-19 and ABO blood groups or RhD antigen types.
  • ABO blood groups did not demonstrate an impact on hospitalization rates for COVID-19 patients.
Abstract

Keywords:
ABO blood groupCoronavirus disease 2019RhD antigencase-control studyhospitalizationsevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

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