Yak Gut Microbiota: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Microbiology
• Animal Science
• High-Altitude Ecology

Background:

• Yaks (Bos grunniens) are vital domestic animals in high-altitude Asia, yet their gut microbiota remains largely uncharacterized.
• The gut microbiome is crucial for ruminant physiology, influencing nutrient absorption and overall health.

Approach:

• A systematic literature review was conducted across multiple databases (Embase, Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane, Google Scholar).
• 34 studies comprising 982 yak gut microbiota samples were analyzed for taxonomic abundance.
• Microbiota composition was compared across different regions, sexes, age groups, and feeding patterns within various intestinal segments.

Key Points:

• Yak gut microbiota exhibits a segmented composition across different intestinal regions.
• Rumen microbiota is significantly influenced by region, sex, and feeding patterns, with diet being the dominant factor.
• Feeding strategies play a crucial role in shaping the yak microbiome.

Conclusions:

• The yak gut microbiome is adaptable and influenced by environmental and dietary factors, particularly feeding strategies.
• Understanding the segmented gut microbiome offers insights into yak adaptation to high-altitude habitats.
• Targeting feeding strategies presents a viable approach to enhance yak health and productivity.