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First Case of Acute Myocarditis Caused by Metapneumovirus in an Immunocompromised 14-year-old Girl

Anissa Makhlouf1, Lise Peipoch1, Pauline Duport1

  • 1Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Center La Reunion, Saint-Denis, Ile de La Reunion, France.

Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine : Peer-Reviewed, Official Publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine
|July 15, 2022
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) can cause rare cardiac issues like myocarditis. This case highlights the first pediatric hMPV myocarditis requiring advanced life support in an immunocompromised child.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pediatrics
  • Virology

Background:

  • Human metapneumovirus (hMPV), a paramyxovirus, commonly causes respiratory infections.
  • Non-respiratory symptoms, such as cardiac involvement, are infrequent complications of hMPV.
  • Prior literature documents only two adult cases of hMPV-associated myocarditis.

Observation:

  • A 14-year-old female with Burkitt leukemia presented with severe myocarditis.
  • Diagnosis was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  • The patient required venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) for management.

Findings:

  • This report details the first pediatric case of hMPV-induced myocarditis.
  • The patient received treatment with VA-ECMO and intravenous immunoglobulins.
  • Successful recovery and discharge from the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) were achieved after 3 weeks.

Implications:

  • This case expands the known spectrum of hMPV manifestations in pediatric patients.
  • It underscores the importance of considering hMPV in immunocompromised children with unexplained myocarditis.
  • Highlights the critical role of advanced life support, including VA-ECMO, in managing severe hMPV myocarditis.
Keywords:
Intravenous immunoglobulinLeukemiaMetapneumovirusMyocarditisVenoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

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