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Update on Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction: A Review.
Jaimy Villavicencio Kim1, George Y Wu1
1Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.
Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology
|July 15, 2022
Summary
Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD) diagnosis and management vary by type. While manometry is standard, some patients may benefit from sphincterotomy without it, and alternative therapies exist.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Hepatobiliary Medicine
Background:
- Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD) presents as a spectrum of poorly understood clinical syndromes.
- Diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes for SOD vary significantly based on dysfunction type.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review potential mechanisms involved in SOD.
- To explore diagnostic and management strategies for SOD.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of mechanisms, diagnosis, and management of SOD.
- Discussion of differential diagnosis including laboratory testing, imaging, and endoscopy.
- Evaluation of manometry, hepatobiliary scintigraphy, and fatty meal sonography for diagnosis.
Main Results:
- Ruling out other abdominal pain causes is crucial.
- Manometry is the gold standard but not always necessary, especially for Type I SOD.
- Sphincterotomy efficacy varies for Type II and III SOD; alternative therapies like calcium channel blockers and botulinum toxin are considered.
Conclusions:
- Diagnosis and management of SOD require a tailored approach based on clinical presentation and type.
- Non-invasive diagnostic tools and alternative therapies offer potential management options for specific SOD types.
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