Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

2.2K
Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists...
2.2K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

2.7K
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
2.7K
Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

2.3K
The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the...
2.3K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

2.0K
Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
2.0K
Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

8.1K
The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
8.1K
Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.4K
Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
3.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Attractive Ni<sup>…</sup>O Interactions Enable Non-Alternating Ethylene-Carbon Monoxide Copolymerization.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Nickel Alkyl Complexes for Polymerization Catalysis via Oxidative Addition-Decarbonylation of Phosphinephenol Esters.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Domain Alignment and Solvent Swelling Impact Ion Transport in a Multiblock Copolymer Ionomer.

Chemistry of materials : a publication of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Environmental chambers for thin film characterization by grazing incidence x-ray scattering and broadband dielectric spectroscopy.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026
Same author

Modeling and Mechanistic Study of Polyethylene Chain Cleavage during Ball Milling.

Macromolecules·2026
Same author

Impact of Carbonyl Group Incorporation in Semicrystalline High-Density Polyethylene.

Macromolecules·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 4, 2025

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
08:12

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers

Published on: December 16, 2022

3.4K

Molecularly Defined Polyolefin Vitrimers from Catalytic Insertion Polymerization.

Lukas Odenwald1, Florian P Wimmer1, Nina K Mast1

  • 1Chair of Chemical Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|July 15, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new method for creating functionalized polyethylenes with uniform molecular composition, leading to recyclable and solvent-resistant vitrimers with enhanced material properties.

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Terpolymers at Mild Temperatures Using Dynamic Sulfur Bonds in PolyS-Divinylbenzene
09:16

Synthesis of Terpolymers at Mild Temperatures Using Dynamic Sulfur Bonds in PolyS-Divinylbenzene

Published on: May 20, 2019

7.8K
A Simple and Efficient Protocol for the Catalytic Insertion Polymerization of Functional Norbornenes
09:08

A Simple and Efficient Protocol for the Catalytic Insertion Polymerization of Functional Norbornenes

Published on: February 27, 2017

10.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 4, 2025

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
08:12

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers

Published on: December 16, 2022

3.4K
Synthesis of Terpolymers at Mild Temperatures Using Dynamic Sulfur Bonds in PolyS-Divinylbenzene
09:16

Synthesis of Terpolymers at Mild Temperatures Using Dynamic Sulfur Bonds in PolyS-Divinylbenzene

Published on: May 20, 2019

7.8K
A Simple and Efficient Protocol for the Catalytic Insertion Polymerization of Functional Norbornenes
09:08

A Simple and Efficient Protocol for the Catalytic Insertion Polymerization of Functional Norbornenes

Published on: February 27, 2017

10.5K

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Vitrimers offer a blend of cross-linked material properties and thermoplastic processability.
  • Existing methods for functionalizing polyethylene lead to heterogeneous chain compositions.
  • This heterogeneity limits the performance and recyclability of resulting vitrimers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for synthesizing homogeneous functionalized polyethylenes.
  • To create vitrimers with improved material properties and recyclability.
  • To enable efficient incorporation of all polymer chains into the network structure.

Main Methods:

  • Direct catalytic insertion polymerization to incorporate cross-linkable groups (aryl boronic esters or acetal-protected groups).
  • Synthesis of functionalized polyethylene chains with homogeneous in-chain distribution and end-group enrichment.
  • Characterization of vitrimer properties, including solvent resistance and recyclability, supported by compositional simulations.

Main Results:

  • Achieved homogeneous distribution of cross-linkable groups within polyethylene chains.
  • Observed enrichment of reactive groups at chain ends, facilitating complete network incorporation.
  • Demonstrated enhanced vitrimer properties, including solvent resistance and full recyclability due to uniform molecular composition.

Conclusions:

  • Catalytic insertion polymerization provides a superior route to homogeneous functionalized polyethylenes for vitrimer applications.
  • Uniform molecular composition is key to achieving robust, non-leaching, and recyclable vitrimer materials.
  • The developed method enables the creation of high-performance, sustainable polymer networks.