A review on comparative studies addressing exosome isolation methods from body fluids.

Area of Science:

• Biotechnology
• Biochemistry
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Exosomes are crucial for disease biomarker discovery and therapeutics.
• Current exosome isolation methods from biofluids are not standardized, hindering clinical applications.
• Challenges include biofluid complexity and method variability affecting downstream analyses.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and compare various exosome isolation techniques from human biofluids.
• To highlight biofluid-specific challenges and their impact on exosome purification.
• To guide the selection of appropriate isolation methods for translational research.

Main Methods:

• Comparative analysis of studies on exosome isolation from cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, serum, saliva, and urine.
• Focus on methods addressing biofluid composition and physical properties.
• Evaluation of impact on downstream proteomic and RNA profiling.

Main Results:

• No single universal method for exosome isolation from all biofluids exists.
• Method choice significantly impacts exosome purity and downstream data quality.
• Biofluid characteristics necessitate tailored isolation strategies.

Conclusions:

• Standardized and optimized exosome isolation protocols are needed for clinical translation.
• Understanding biofluid-specific challenges is key to selecting effective isolation methods.
• This review provides a framework for choosing exosome isolation techniques based on sample type.