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Updated: Sep 4, 2025

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Child Abuse Pediatrics Research Network: The CAPNET Core Data Project.

Joanne N Wood1, Kristine A Campbell2, James D Anderst3

  • 1Division of General Pediatrics and PolicyLab (JN Wood), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Roberts Center for Pediatric Research, Philadelphia, Pa.

Academic Pediatrics
|July 15, 2022
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Summary

Most young children evaluated for physical abuse had bruises, fractures, or TBI. Child Protective Services reports were common before pediatrician consultations, yet child abuse pediatricians (CAPs) often had low concern for abuse.

Keywords:
child abuse pediatricschild physical abuseresearch network

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Child Abuse Pediatrics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Child abuse pediatricians (CAPs) play a crucial role in evaluating suspected physical abuse in children.
  • Understanding the epidemiology of these evaluations is vital for resource allocation and clinical practice improvement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the epidemiology of physical abuse evaluations conducted by CAPs within the Child Abuse Pediatricians Network (CAPNET).
  • To describe patient demographics, injury patterns, and the role of child protective services (CPS) in these evaluations.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from ten CAPNET hospital systems between February and December 2021.
  • Evaluations included children under 10 years old with concerns for physical abuse, encompassing both in-person and remote consultations.

Main Results:

  • The study included 3667 patients, with 69.4% younger than 3 years old. Bruises (35.2%), fractures (29.0%), and traumatic brain injuries (TBI) (16.2%) were the most frequent injuries.
  • TBI was more prevalent in infants (30.6%) compared to 1-year-olds (8.4%).
  • Child Protective Services reports were made before CAP consultation in 68.2% of cases, and CAPs expressed low concern for abuse in the majority of cases (43.0% no concern, 22.3% mild/intermediate concern).

Conclusions:

  • The majority of children evaluated for physical abuse in CAPNET were young, presenting with common injuries like bruises and fractures.
  • While CPS reports were frequent, CAPs often found limited evidence of abuse, highlighting potential areas for diagnostic refinement and collaboration.
  • Further research into the nuances of physical abuse evaluations and the role of CAPs is warranted.