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Related Concept Videos

Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

10.1K
Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

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Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form...
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Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
7.0K
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

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Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 4, 2025

Author Spotlight: An Integrated Workflow to Study the Promoter-Centric Spatio-Temporal Genome Architecture in Scarce Cell Populations
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Characterizing cis-regulatory elements using single-cell epigenomics.

Sebastian Preissl1,2, Kyle J Gaulton3, Bing Ren4,5,6

  • 1Center for Epigenomics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. sebastian.preissl@pharmakol.uni-freiburg.de.

Nature Reviews. Genetics
|July 15, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Single-cell epigenomic technologies reveal cell-specific gene regulation. These advanced methods offer deeper insights into gene regulatory programs during development and disease, improving human tissue profiling.

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High-throughput Identification of Gene Regulatory Sequences Using Next-generation Sequencing of Circular Chromosome Conformation Capture 4C-seq
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Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
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High-throughput Identification of Gene Regulatory Sequences Using Next-generation Sequencing of Circular Chromosome Conformation Capture 4C-seq
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Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Epigenetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Cis-regulatory elements (CREs) control cell-specific gene expression during development and disease.
  • CREs are characterized by epigenomic features like DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility.
  • Bulk transcriptomic and epigenomic methods have catalogued human genome CREs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight advances in single-cell epigenomic methods and analytical tools.
  • To discuss the readiness of these technologies for human tissue profiling.
  • To explore their potential for deeper insights into cell-specific gene regulatory programs.

Main Methods:

  • Single-cell epigenomic technologies
  • Multi-omic single-cell analyses
  • Advanced analytical tools for epigenomic data

Main Results:

  • Single-cell methods provide deeper insights than bulk methods.
  • These technologies reveal cell type-specific gene regulatory dynamics.
  • Advances enable detailed analysis of gene regulation in development and disease.

Conclusions:

  • Single-cell epigenomics and multi-omics offer unprecedented resolution.
  • These methods are crucial for understanding gene regulation at the cellular level.
  • The discussed technologies are nearing readiness for widespread human tissue profiling.