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What is an Ecosystem?01:17

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Measures of species biodiversity, such as richness (i.e., the number of species present) and evenness (i.e., their relative abundance), describe an ecological community’s structure. Many factors affect community structure, including abiotic factors (e.g., sunlight and nutrients), disturbances (e.g., fire or flood), species interactions (e.g., predation or competition), and chance events (e.g., foreign species invasion). Certain species—such as keystone species—also play a...
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As the human population continues to grow and use resources, we must be mindful of our planet’s natural limits. Sustainable development provides a pathway to maintain and improve human life now while also ensuring that future generations will have the resources that they need. The long-term success of sustainability efforts rests on understanding the interplay between human actions and ecological systems.
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There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
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Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less...
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Exploring ecosystem-based management in the North Atlantic.

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The ecosystem approach to ocean health requires integrating human dimensions and stakeholder engagement for sustainable ocean management. Long-term investment and clear communication are key to realizing its benefits.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Oceanography
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • The Atlantic Ocean Research Alliance established a working group to address ocean health and stressors using an ecosystem approach.
  • Recognized the Atlantic Ocean as a shared resource, necessitating collaboration among the United States, EU, and Canada.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Advance understanding of Atlantic Ocean dynamics for improved health and sustainable resource management.
  • Integrate multiple ocean-use sectors (fishing, shipping, tourism, energy) into ecosystem-based management.

Main Methods:

  • A 4-year working group process involving eight key steps.
  • Development of common language, stakeholder engagement strategies, governance review, and identification of management tools.
  • Exploration of sector-ecosystem links, knowledge gaps, and research priorities.

Main Results:

  • Ecosystem-based management offers new benefits but requires a strong business case.
  • Adequate mandates and tools exist, but human dimensions need integration and stakeholder engagement must increase.
  • Ocean literacy and sustained investment are crucial for successful ecosystem-based management.

Conclusions:

  • Integrating human dimensions and diversifying conversations are essential for effective ecosystem-based management.
  • Enhanced stakeholder engagement and ocean literacy are needed to demonstrate value and secure buy-in.
  • Long-term commitment and sustained investment are vital for a sustainable future in ocean management.