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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
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Bone health in ageing men.

Karel David1,2, Nick Narinx1,3, Leen Antonio1,2

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Osteoporosis affects aging men, who are often undiagnosed. While testosterone therapy may improve bone density, it

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Endocrinology
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Osteoporosis affects both aging men and women, with increasing prevalence due to longer life expectancies.
  • Men with osteoporosis are frequently undiagnosed and undertreated compared to women.
  • Sex steroid deficiency is linked to bone loss and increased fracture risk in elderly men.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review clinical and preclinical evidence regarding hypogonadal osteoporosis in aging men.
  • To evaluate the role of sex steroid deficiency in male osteoporosis.
  • To assess the efficacy of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing clinical and preclinical studies.
  • Analysis of the relationship between sex steroid levels, bone mineral density, and fracture risk in aging men.
  • Evaluation of data on testosterone replacement therapy in men with osteoporosis.

Main Results:

  • A 'bone threshold' for hypogonadal osteoporosis is proposed, requiring a significant decrease in sex steroid levels.
  • Small decreases in sex steroid concentrations likely play a minor role in osteoporosis development in aging men.
  • Testosterone replacement therapy has shown potential to increase bone mineral density, but data in osteoporotic aging males is limited.
  • Evidence for fracture risk reduction with TRT in this group is lacking.

Conclusions:

  • Hypogonadal osteoporosis in aging men may require a specific threshold of sex steroid deficiency.
  • Testosterone replacement therapy is not recommended as a standalone bone-specific treatment for osteoporotic elderly men.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the role of TRT in fracture risk reduction.