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New Constraint on the Local Relic Neutrino Background Overdensity with the First KATRIN Data Runs.

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The KATRIN experiment searched for cosmic relic neutrinos using tritium beta decay. No significant neutrino overdensity was found, improving on previous neutrino mass experiments.

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Area of Science:

  • Particle Physics
  • Cosmology
  • Astroparticle Physics

Background:

  • Cosmic relic neutrinos are a potential signature of early universe physics.
  • Direct detection of these neutrinos is experimentally challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly search for cosmic relic neutrinos.
  • To constrain the neutrino overdensity ratio using KATRIN data.
  • To improve upon previous experimental limits on neutrino properties.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing data from the first two KATRIN science campaigns (2019).
  • Analyzing beta-decay electrons from a high-purity molecular tritium source.
  • Employing a high-resolution MAC-E filter spectrometer near the tritium beta-decay endpoint (18.57 keV).

Main Results:

  • Established sensitivity to a local relic neutrino overdensity ratio of η<9.7×10^{10}/α (90% CL) for Majorana neutrinos.
  • Achieved sensitivity of η<1.1×10^{11}/α (95% CL) for Dirac neutrinos.
  • Found no significant evidence for relic neutrino overdensity in the analyzed tritium spectrum.

Conclusions:

  • The KATRIN experiment provides the most stringent direct limits to date on cosmic relic neutrino overdensity.
  • The results surpass the sensitivity of previous neutrino mass experiments.
  • Updated projections indicate future KATRIN sensitivity to η<1×10^{10}/α.