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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 4, 2025

Establishment of a Co-culture System of Patient-Derived Colorectal Tumor Organoids and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs)
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Exploring immunotherapy in colorectal cancer.

Junyong Weng1, Shanbao Li2, Zhonglin Zhu1

  • 1Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Xuhui, Shanghai, 200032, China.

Journal of Hematology & Oncology
|July 16, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy shows promise for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), offering long-lasting responses. Research is clarifying resistance mechanisms and identifying biomarkers to improve immunotherapy effectiveness in mCRC patients.

Keywords:
BiomarkersImmune checkpoint blockadeImmune desertImmunotherapyMetastatic colorectal cancerMicrosatellite instabilityPrecision medicine

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Therapeutics

Background:

  • Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treatment relies on chemotherapy and targeted therapy, facing limitations due to adverse effects and tumor resistance.
  • Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has emerged as a promising treatment for advanced cancers, including mCRC, potentially leading to durable responses.
  • Current immunotherapy for mCRC is effective only in a subset of patients with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) tumors, with acquired resistance being a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current treatment strategies for mCRC.
  • To discuss the mechanism and application of ICB in mCRC.
  • To outline potential biomarkers for ICB efficacy and summarize recent clinical trial results and basic research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of treatment strategies for mCRC.
  • Analysis of the mechanism and application of ICB in mCRC.
  • Compilation of data on predictive biomarkers, clinical trial outcomes, and basic research findings.

Main Results:

  • ICB therapy, particularly anti-PD-1/PD-L1 drugs like Pembrolizumab, has advanced mCRC treatment since its approval.
  • Understanding of colorectal cancer immune resistance mechanisms is improving, with new predictive biomarkers continually emerging.
  • Active clinical trials are exploring ICB to achieve long-lasting benefits for mCRC patients.

Conclusions:

  • ICB represents a significant advancement in mCRC treatment, offering potential for long-term patient benefit.
  • Further research into resistance mechanisms and biomarker discovery is crucial for optimizing immunotherapy strategies.
  • This review provides a foundation for developing more effective immunotherapy approaches for mCRC.