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A pathogenic integrated view explaining the different endotypes of asthma and allergic disorders
Enrico Maggi1, Paola Parronchi2, Bruno Giuseppe Azzarone1
1Department of Immunology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Allergy
|July 17, 2022
Summary
Allergic inflammation involves complex immune responses, influencing disease symptoms and treatment. Understanding immune cell plasticity and endotypes is key to developing personalized therapies for allergic diseases.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Allergy Research
- Pathophysiology
Background:
- Allergic diseases involve intricate type 2 and type 3 immune responses.
- Airborne stimuli activate mucosal immunity, influencing resident and environmental cells.
- Immune cell plasticity explains diverse allergic disease endotypes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review immunopathogenic scenarios of allergic disease endotypes.
- To link endotypes with specific asthma phenotypes.
- To explore applications in non-respiratory allergic disorders.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent literature on immune responses in allergic diseases.
- Analysis of epithelial barrier, regulatory cell, and environmental cell interactions.
- Discussion of immunopathogenic mechanisms and endotype classification.
Main Results:
- Identified key roles of mucosal barrier, regulatory cells, and tissue microenvironment.
- Highlighted plasticity of T-cells and innate lymphoid cells in endotype formation.
- Noted the success of biologic drugs targeting inflammatory pathways.
Conclusions:
- Allergic disease endotypes are shaped by immune cell plasticity and microenvironmental signals.
- Personalized medicine requires specific biomarkers for endotype diagnosis.
- Future research should focus on identifying biomarkers for targeted therapies.
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