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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 4, 2025

A Large Animal Model for Pulmonary Hypertension and Right Ventricular Failure: Left Pulmonary Artery Ligation and Progressive Main Pulmonary Artery Banding in Sheep
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Postoperative Severity Assessment in Sheep.

Eva Zentrich1, Laura Wassermann1, Birgitta Struve1

  • 1Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.

European Surgical Research. Europaische Chirurgische Forschung. Recherches Chirurgicales Europeennes
|July 17, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The Sheep Grimace Scale (SGS) and telemetry effectively detected postoperative pain in sheep, improving animal welfare and data quality in surgical orthopedic research. This aids in better pain recognition and postoperative management.

Keywords:
PainSGSSheepTelemetry

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Surgery
  • Animal Welfare Science
  • Translational Research

Background:

  • Sheep are crucial models in orthopedic research, necessitating robust pain assessment for welfare and data integrity.
  • Existing pain assessment methods for large animal models are limited.
  • This study evaluated telemetry and the Sheep Grimace Scale (SGS) for postoperative pain assessment in sheep.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the efficacy of telemetry and the Sheep Grimace Scale (SGS) in detecting postoperative pain in sheep.
  • To enhance pain recognition and postoperative management in sheep undergoing surgical procedures.
  • To contribute to the refinement of animal research practices.

Main Methods:

  • Telemetry devices were implanted in four sheep for monitoring heart rate (HR) and activity.
  • Sheep underwent tendon ablation surgery after a recovery period.
  • Clinical scoring, video recording for SGS analysis, and telemetric monitoring were conducted post-surgery.

Main Results:

  • Clinical scores and HR showed slight increases, while activity decreased post-surgery.
  • The Sheep Grimace Scale (SGS) indicated mild pain after transmitter implantation and higher pain levels after tendon ablation.
  • Telemetry data (HR and activity) correlated with observed pain indicators.

Conclusions:

  • Sheep Grimace Scale (SGS) and telemetry data are valuable tools for identifying postoperative pain in sheep.
  • These methods can improve individual pain recognition and postoperative care, aligning with the principles of the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement).
  • The findings support the use of SGS and telemetry for enhanced animal welfare in surgical sheep models.