Cardiovascular disease associated with methamphetamine use: a review

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Toxicology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Methamphetamine abuse is a global epidemic with significant cardiovascular consequences.
• Cardiovascular toxicity, though often overlooked, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in methamphetamine users.

Observation:

• Acute behavioral effects of amphetamine abuse are prominent, but cardiovascular damage is common.
• Cardiotoxicity mechanisms involve Sigma-1 receptors, trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1), reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial dysfunction, and calcium modulation.
• Elevated catecholamines from chronic amphetamine use contribute to cardiovascular pathology.

Findings:

• The study reviews the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of amphetamine-induced cardiovascular disease.
• Case reports and current literature highlight the diverse cardiovascular effects, from arrhythmias to coronary artery disease.
• Emerging research points to specific cellular targets and downstream effects contributing to methamphetamine cardiotoxicity.

Implications:

• Recognizing and diagnosing amphetamine-induced cardiovascular disease is critical for patient management.
• Further research into cellular mechanisms may reveal novel therapeutic targets.
• Addressing the cardiovascular risks associated with methamphetamine abuse is essential for public health.