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Related Concept Videos

Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
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Related Experiment Video

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Three-Dimensional Phase Resolved Functional Lung Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Quality assurance of a breathing controlled four-dimensional computed tomography algorithm.

Juliane Szkitsak1,2, Andre Karius1,2, Christian Hofmann1,3

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.

Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology
|July 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The new breathing-controlled four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) algorithm, i4DCT, accurately assesses tumor motion for radiotherapy planning. Phantom studies show i4DCT maintains geometric accuracy and image quality for both regular and irregular breathing patterns.

Keywords:
4DCTQuality assuranceRespiratory motion

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Radiotherapy Physics
  • Computational Imaging

Background:

  • Four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) is crucial for radiotherapy planning of tumors affected by respiratory motion.
  • Irregular breathing patterns can cause artifacts in standard 4DCT scans.
  • A novel breathing-controlled 4DCT (i4DCT) algorithm aims to mitigate these artifacts by adapting scan parameters to individual breathing patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct an initial quality assurance evaluation of the i4DCT algorithm.
  • To assess the geometric accuracy, image quality, and motion representation of the i4DCT algorithm using phantom measurements.
  • To investigate the influence of patient weight and table flexion on i4DCT measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Phantom measurements were performed to evaluate geometric accuracy (diameter, volume, eccentricity) and image quality (CT number accuracy, contrast-noise-ratio).
  • The accuracy of motion amplitude representation for simulated tumor lesions was assessed.
  • Static 3D CT (3DCT) scans served as the ground truth for comparison.
  • The impact of patient weight-induced table flexion was also investigated.

Main Results:

  • Median volume deviation between i4DCT and 3DCT was <2% (<0.2 cm³).
  • Tumor diameter deviation magnitudes were <2% for regular and <3.5% for irregular breathing.
  • Respiratory amplitude was represented with a median accuracy of <0.5 mm.
  • CT numbers and contrast-noise-ratio showed no clinically relevant differences; table flexion had no significant impact.

Conclusions:

  • The breathing-controlled i4DCT algorithm demonstrates good performance in image quality and geometric accuracy.
  • The algorithm accurately depicts motion amplitude for both regular and irregular breathing patterns.
  • i4DCT shows potential for improving radiotherapy planning by reducing motion-induced artifacts.