Characteristics of preschool children diagnosed as having an atypical pervasive developmental disorder

Pediatricians and child psychiatrists encounter preschool children who are not autistic, but who have early deficits in both interpersonal and communication skills. Confusion exists over their diagnosis. Eighteen atypical children currently diagnosed as having an atypical pervasive developmental disorder are described. Areas discussed are social relatedness, speech and language, mental status, cognition, behavior, perception, social background, and medical/neurological status. These children constitute a distinct and frequently seen group within the spectrum of pervasive developmental disorders. Their characteristics are not currently captured within a diagnostic category in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Third Edition (DSM-III), of the American Psychiatric Association. A revision of DSM-III, DSM-III-R, is currently being prepared. These children may not be captured within a diagnostic category in DSM-III-R. The distinguishing characteristics are onset before the age of three, language delay with disordered communication, social relationships characterized by variable relatedness, ritualistic or manneristic behaviors, the likelihood of hyperactivity and/or a short attention span, affective disturbances, excessive anxiety, and a thinking disorder or perseverative behaviors.