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Membrane receptors for interferon.

F Besançon, H Ankel

    Texas Reports on Biology and Medicine
    |January 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Interferon (IFN) specifically binds to the carbohydrate portion of cell membrane gangliosides, acting as its receptor. This interaction is crucial for triggering the antiviral response in cells.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Cell Biology
    • Virology

    Background:

    • The precise cell membrane receptors for interferon (IFN) have been a subject of postulation, supported by various experimental observations.
    • Previous studies indicated that treatments like trypsinization and antibody neutralization could block IFN's antiviral activity, suggesting cell surface interactions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the specific molecular interactions between interferon and cell surface components.
    • To identify the nature of the interferon receptor on the cell membrane and its role in antiviral activity.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized hybrid cell lines and antibody-mediated blocking to assess IFN sensitivity.
    • Employed Sepharose-bound interferon to investigate binding characteristics and activity retention.

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  • Investigated the inhibitory effects of various gangliosides and ganglioside-binding substances on IFN's antiviral action.

    • Main Results:

    • Interferon exhibits a strong and specific affinity for the carbohydrate side chains of cell membrane gangliosides.
    • The order of potency for ganglioside inhibition of IFN activity was GM2 ≥ GT1 > GM1 ≥ GD1a.
    • Substances known to bind gangliosides, such as cholera toxin and certain lectins, also inhibited interferon's antiviral effects.

    Conclusions:

    • Gangliosides serve as specific binding sites for interferon on the cell membrane.
    • The interaction between interferon and the carbohydrate moiety of gangliosides is essential for initiating the antiviral response.
    • These findings identify gangliosides as key components of the interferon receptor complex.