Two Novel Polysaccharides From Clitocybe squamulosa: Their Isolation, Structures, and Bioactivities

Area of Science:

• Mycology
• Biochemistry
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Polysaccharides from fungal fruiting bodies are known for diverse bioactivities.
• Clitocybe squamulosa is a mushroom species with potential for novel bioactive compound discovery.

Purpose of the Study:

• To isolate and characterize novel polysaccharides from Clitocybe squamulosa fruiting bodies (CSFP).
• To evaluate the antioxidant, cholesterol-binding, bacteriostatic, and immunomodulatory potentials of these polysaccharides.

Main Methods:

• Hot-water extraction and purification using DEAE-52 anion exchange and Sephacryl S-400 chromatography.
• Structural analysis via chemical and instrumental methods, including molecular weight determination.
• In vitro assays for antioxidant activity, free cholesterol and bile acid salt binding, bacteriostatic effects, and cell growth promotion.

Main Results:

• Two purified polysaccharides, CSFP1-β (98.44%) and CSFP2-α (97.83%), were obtained.
• CSFP1-β and CSFP2-α exhibited significantly improved antioxidant activities and notable abilities to bind free cholesterol and bile acid salts compared to crude CSFP.
• All tested polysaccharides showed dose-dependent bacteriostatic effects, and CSFP promoted RAW264.7 cell growth.

Conclusions:

• Purified polysaccharides CSFP1-β and CSFP2-α from Clitocybe squamulosa possess enhanced bioactivities.
• These compounds show promise for applications in health due to their antioxidant, cholesterol-lowering, and antimicrobial properties.
• CSFP also displays potential immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor activities.