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Maxillary Fungal Osteomyelitis Mimicking and Treated as Endodontic Pathosis

Sarang Suresh Hotchandani1, Feroze Ali Kalhoro1, Priya Rani Harjani1

  • 1Department of Operative Dentistry, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan.

Case Reports in Dentistry
|July 18, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Fungal osteomyelitis, a severe infection, can manifest as dental abscesses. This study highlights three cases of maxillary mucormycosis in diabetic patients, emphasizing the need for prompt diagnosis and treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Mycology

Background:

  • Fungal osteomyelitis is a rare but serious opportunistic infection.
  • It can present insidiously, complicating initial dental diagnoses.
  • Early recognition is crucial for effective management.

Observation:

  • Three cases of maxillary osteomyelitis initially presenting as endodontic pathology are discussed.
  • Patients developed severe osteolytic lesions in the maxilla, mimicking acute apical abscesses.
  • Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) revealed significant osteolytic abnormalities.

Findings:

  • Histopathology confirmed mucormycosis as the causative fungal agent in all three cases.
  • Patients had uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and a history of COVID-19 exposure.
  • The infection manifested in the maxillary canine region.

Implications:

  • This highlights a potential severe complication in immunocompromised patients, particularly those with diabetes.
  • Endodontists and clinicians should consider fungal infections in refractory or severe cases.
  • Prompt diagnosis and multidisciplinary management are essential for improving outcomes in fungal osteomyelitis.

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