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Explaining cross-national differences in leaving home.

Lonneke van den Berg1, Matthijs Kalmijn2, Thomas Leopold3

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Cultural, economic, and institutional factors explain cross-national differences in the age of leaving home. Cultural context is the most significant driver, with factors like religiosity and family values playing key roles.

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Area of Science:

  • Sociology
  • Demography
  • Cultural Studies

Background:

  • Significant cross-national variations exist in the age individuals leave their parental home.
  • Existing literature proposes cultural, economic, and institutional factors but rarely integrates all three.
  • A comprehensive understanding requires examining these diverse influences concurrently.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the combined and individual effects of cultural, economic, and institutional factors on leaving home age.
  • To analyze these factors using a large-scale European dataset across multiple countries and cohorts.
  • To identify the primary drivers of cross-national differences in home-leaving behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the European Social Survey (ESS) spanning 2002-2016.
  • Employed a dynamic pseudo-panel design to track cohorts born between 1970 and 1999.
  • Integrated macro-level indicators with survey data for comprehensive analysis across 22 European countries.

Main Results:

  • Cultural, economic, and institutional explanations for leaving home age are additive, not mutually exclusive.
  • Cultural context emerged as the most substantial predictor of cross-national variation.
  • Key predictors identified include religiosity, individualistic family values, youth unemployment, GDP, and net replacement rates.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully explains 80% of the cross-national variation in the age of leaving home.
  • Cultural factors significantly shape when young adults leave home across Europe.
  • Policy and research should consider the interplay of cultural norms, economic conditions, and institutional frameworks.