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Related Concept Videos

Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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Bacterial Phylum Tenericutes01:24

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The phylum Tenericutes, which includes the single class Mollicutes, comprises bacteria that lack cell walls. The term "Mollicutes" derives from the Latin word mollis, meaning "soft." These organisms are among the smallest known and are commonly referred to as mycoplasmas due to the prominence of the genus Mycoplasma, which includes well-known human pathogens. Despite their inability to stain gram-positively (a result of their lack of cell walls), mycoplasmas are phylogenetically related to the...
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Bacterial Phylum Chlamydiae01:29

Bacterial Phylum Chlamydiae

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The phylum Chlamydiae or Chlamydiota is composed of a single order, Chlamydiales. This phylum consists entirely of obligate intracellular parasites that infect eukaryotic hosts. While human pathogens within this group have been studied extensively, the phylum encompasses many species capable of interacting with various eukaryotic organisms. Members of Chlamydiae are typically small cocci, approximately 0.5 μm in diameter, and exhibit a distinctive developmental cycle. As is characteristic...
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Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

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The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
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Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

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A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
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Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction01:26

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
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Mycoplasma genitalium: A new superbug.

J Stephen Raj1, Jyoti Rawre1, Neha Dhawan2

  • 1Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS
|July 18, 2022
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Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) is a growing STD causing infertility. Rising antimicrobial resistance necessitates molecular testing for diagnosis and treatment guidance in India.

Keywords:
pathogenesisAntimicrobial resistanceMycoplasma genitaliumextragenital infections

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) is an emerging sexually transmitted pathogen.
  • It causes nongonococcal urethritis, cervicitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease, potentially leading to infertility.
  • MG's pathogenesis involves adhesion, motility, and intracellular invasion, contributing to treatment resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the prevalence of MG in Indian patients.
  • To explore MG's pathogenesis, including molecular mechanisms.
  • To assess the current status of antimicrobial resistance and its impact on treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on MG prevalence, pathogenesis, and antimicrobial resistance.
  • Analysis of molecular diagnostic techniques for MG.
  • Examination of treatment strategies and emerging resistance patterns.

Main Results:

  • Limited data exists on MG prevalence in Indian urogenital syndromes, with recent reports of high extra-genital infection rates.
  • Antimicrobial resistance to macrolides and fluoroquinolones is a growing global concern.
  • Molecular assays are crucial for MG diagnosis and detecting antimicrobial resistance.

Conclusions:

  • MG should be considered in the Indian population's STD diagnostic and treatment strategies.
  • Testing for antimicrobial resistance is essential for patients with MG infection.
  • Understanding MG's prevalence and resistance patterns is crucial for effective management.