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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

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Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
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Anatomy of the Intestines01:23

Anatomy of the Intestines

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Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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What is Monogastric Digestion?01:50

What is Monogastric Digestion?

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The human body contains a monogastric digestive system. In a monogastric digestive system, the stomach only contains one chamber in which it digests food. Several other animal species also have monogastric digestive systems, including pigs, horses, dogs, and birds. This chapter, however, focuses on the human digestive system.
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Updated: Sep 4, 2025

Therapeutic Evaluation of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in an Interleukin 10-Deficient Mouse Model
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Gut Microbiota and Immunotherapy.

Xiaoqing Xu1,2, Jieer Ying2

  • 1Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|July 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The gut microbiota influences immune responses and anti-tumor immunotherapy efficacy. Manipulating gut bacteria through methods like fecal microbiota transplantation may improve cancer treatment outcomes for patients unresponsive to current therapies.

Keywords:
immunotherapyimmunotherapy responseinteractionmicrobiome manipulationthe gut microbiota

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • The gut microbiota, the largest microbial community in the body, significantly impacts host immune status.
  • Gut microbiota and its metabolites play a crucial role in regulating host immunity.
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are vital in cancer therapy, improving prognosis for many patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the connection between gut microbiota and immunotherapy.
  • To discuss strategies for enhancing anti-tumor efficacy of immunotherapy via gut microbiota manipulation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on gut microbiota and immunotherapy.
  • Analysis of microbiota manipulation techniques including fecal microbiota transplantation, dietary regulation, and prebiotics.

Main Results:

  • A significant portion of patients do not respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
  • Gut microbiota composition is linked to immunotherapy response.
  • Microbiota manipulation strategies show potential in modulating immune responses.

Conclusions:

  • Gut microbiota modulation presents a promising avenue for improving anti-tumor immunotherapy effectiveness.
  • Targeting the gut microbiome could enhance patient response rates to cancer immunotherapy.