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Epidemiological Characteristics of Pediatric Ocular Trauma in China: A Multicenter Retrospective Hospital-Based Study
Yaxin Zhang1, Kang Feng2, Hua Yan1,3
1Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Insights
Pediatric ocular trauma in China is characterized by penetrating injuries and globe ruptures, with homes becoming the primary injury site. Prevention efforts should target indoor safety and parental education to reduce childhood eye injuries.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Public Health
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Pediatric ocular trauma represents a significant cause of vision impairment in children.
- Understanding the incidence and characteristics of these injuries is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the incidence and characteristics of pediatric ocular trauma in mainland China.
- To propose feasible prevention strategies based on study findings.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of hospitalized pediatric ocular injury cases (age ≤14) between January 2019 and December 2020.
- Analysis of patient demographics, injury causes, location, types, and hospital admission intervals.
Main Results:
- 1973 pediatric cases (14.6%) were identified, with males accounting for 70.9%.
- Home emerged as the most frequent injury location (51.4%), shifting from outdoor prevalence.
- Penetrating injuries (48.3%) and globe ruptures (18.1%) were the predominant injury types.
Conclusions:
- Penetrating injuries and globe ruptures are key concerns in pediatric ocular trauma in China.
- Increased focus on indoor safety and parental education is recommended for prevention.
- Visual acuity post-injury can predict visual acuity post-treatment.
Purpose:
The objective of the study was to obtain the incidence characteristics of pediatric ocular trauma in mainland China and provide some feasible suggestions of prevention.
Methods:
The patients with pediatric ocular injuries, who were (≤14) hospitalized between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2020, were included. Patient demographics (age and sex), injury natural characteristics (causes, site, and types), geographic location, and interval of hospital admission were analyzed.
Results:
A total of 13525 cases were identified, and 1973 (14.6%) occurred in children (male accounts 70.9%) with a mean (SD) age of 6.5 (3.4) years. Cases among minors in 2020 dropped by 8.3% compared to 2019, while the former vulnerability to eye injuries has been shifted from the outdoors to home (51.4%, 1015/1973). The main causes of injury are flying objects (31.9%), traffic injury (23.5%), and blunt injury (21.8%), which lead to the main types of injury such as penetrating injury (48.3%), rupture of the globe (18.1%), and contusion trauma (13.1%). If the VA after injury is above CF, the VA after discharge is more likely to be above CF (OR 18.3, 11.9-28.1; p < 0.001). Similarly, age (OR 2.0, 1.3-3.1; p=0.001) and intraocular pressure after injury (OR 0.9, 0.9-1.0; p=0.009) also affect the intraocular pressure at discharge.
Conclusions:
In mainland China, the main injury types are penetrating injury and rupture of the globe with home being the most dangerous place. Prevention strategies should focus on parents' education and protective measures indoors. Visual acuity after injury can be used as a predictor of visual acuity after treatment.
