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Published on: December 9, 2022
Soybean peptide inhibits the biofilm of periodontopathic bacteria via bactericidal activity
Hnin Yu Lwin1, Yukari Aoki-Nonaka2, Aoi Matsugishi3
1Division of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, 951-8514 Niigata, Japan; Department of Periodontology, University of Dental Medicine, 582, Than Thu Mar Road, Thingangyun Township, 11071 Yangon, Myanmar.
Objective:
This study aimed to clarify the antibacterial mechanism and antibiofilm effect of soybean-derived peptide BCBS-11 against periodontopathic bacteria.
Design:
The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of BCBS-11 against Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum), and Streptococcus mitis (S. mitis) were determined for the antibacterial mechanism. The effect of BCBS-11 on membrane permeability and depolarization activity were investigated using propidium iodide (PI) staining and 3, 3'-dipropylthiadicarbocyanine iodide (DiSC3-(5)) analysis. Monospecies and multispecies biofilms were cultured on 96-well plates. The amount of biofilm was determined using crystal violet staining to determine the inhibition of biofilm formation and the eradication of established biofilm using BCBS-11. The cytotoxicity of BCBS-11 was evaluated using 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.
Results:
The MIC and MBC indicated the bactericidal activity of BCBS-11 against P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum. The PI staining revealed that BCBS-11 disrupted the bacterial membrane integrity. The DiSC3-(5) analysis indicated that BCBS-11 depolarized the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. These results indicate the antimicrobial action of BCBS-11 through membrane disruption and the collapse of membrane electrochemical gradient. BCBS-11 significantly inhibited the monospecies biofilm formation of P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum and also inhibited dual-species biofilm. BCBS-11 was not cytotoxic toward human oral epithelial cells.
Conclusions:
BCBS-11 inhibits the monospecies and multispecies biofilm formation of P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum, and their bactericidal activity results from membrane disruption.
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