Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 4, 2025
10:35
Extracellular Glucose Depletion as an Indirect Measure of Glucose Uptake in Cells and Tissues Ex Vivo
Published on: April 6, 2022
2.8K
Fabkin and glucose homeostasis.
Piyas Gargari1, Pradip Mukhopadhyay1, Banshi Saboo2
1Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India.
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome
|July 19, 2022
Summary
Fabkin, a complex involving Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 (FABP4), Adenosine Kinase (ADK), and Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase (NDPK), impairs insulin secretion and contributes to glucose homeostasis disruption. This complex plays a significant role in type 2 diabetes pathogenesis.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Metabolic Research
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- The precise role of Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 (FABP4) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) pathogenesis remains unclear.
- FABP4, an intracellular lipid chaperone, is secreted by adipocytes and macrophages and is linked to insulin resistance.
- The Fabkin complex, comprising FABP4, Adenosine Kinase (ADK), and Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase (NDPK), is proposed to elucidate T2DM pathogenesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the role of the Fabkin complex in regulating glucose homeostasis.
- To investigate the mechanisms by which Fabkin influences insulin secretion and metabolic balance.
Main Methods:
- A review of published manuscripts discussing the effects of FABP4 and Fabkin on glucose homeostasis.
- Analysis of the molecular interactions and signaling pathways involved in Fabkin complex formation and function.
Main Results:
- Fabkin formation is driven by high-affinity interactions between FABP4, ADK, and NDPK.
- The complex modulates Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Signaling (GSIS) by altering the extracellular ADP/ATP ratio via P2Y1 receptors, leading to impaired insulin secretion.
- Fabkin also regulates intracellular calcium dynamics and induces Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress.
Conclusions:
- Fabkin may integrate energy balance with metabolic organ functions.
- The Fabkin complex plays a significant role in glucose homeostasis and T2DM pathogenesis.
Related Concept Videos
01:02Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose
2.3K
Carbohydrates consumed through foods are converted into glucose, a crucial energy source for the body. In the prandial state, high blood glucose levels stimulate the secretion of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin inhibits hepatic glucose production and stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism by muscle and adipose tissue. The excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles.
During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...
During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...
2.3K
01:27Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion
1.4K
The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
Insulin and C-peptide are...
1.4K
01:16Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose
3.9K
Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
3.9K
01:26Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine
32.2K
Complex carbohydrates consumed cannot be absorbed into the small intestine in their original form. First, they must be hydrolyzed to a monosaccharide form such as glucose or galactose. These monosaccharides are then transported across the intestinal membrane and into the blood via transcellular transport. The intestinal epithelial cells allow the movement of these monosaccharides with a defined 'entry' through membrane transporter proteins present on their apical membrane and...
32.2K
01:27Glucose Transporters
24.0K
Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
24.0K
01:18Metabolic States of the Body: The Postabsorptive State
518
The postabsorptive state usually starts about four hours after a meal and lasts until the next meal is eaten. During this time, the digestive system stops absorbing nutrients, and the body uses stored energy reserves to maintain stable blood glucose levels.
Initially, glycogen stored in the liver is broken down to release glucose into the bloodstream, while glycogen in the muscles is broken down to supply glucose for energy directly within the muscle cells. As glycogen stores diminish,...
Initially, glycogen stored in the liver is broken down to release glucose into the bloodstream, while glycogen in the muscles is broken down to supply glucose for energy directly within the muscle cells. As glycogen stores diminish,...
518