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Updated: Sep 4, 2025

Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance
Published on: February 27, 2017
Oxidation of Spiro-OMeTAD in High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells
Nabonswende Aida Nadege Ouedraogo1, George Omololu Odunmbaku1, Bing Guo1
1MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
Abstract:
2,2',7,7'-Tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD), as an organic small molecule material, is the most commonly employed hole transport material (HTM) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) because of its excellent properties that result in high photovoltaic performances. However, the material still suffers from low conductivity, leading to the necessary use of dopants and oxidative processes to overcome this issue. The spiro-OMeTAD oxidation process is highlighted in this review, and the main parameters involved in the process have been studied. Furthermore, the best alternatives aiming to improve the spiro-OMeTAD electrical properties have been discussed. Lastly, this review concludes with suggestions and outlooks for further research directions.
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