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Suspicions regarding the genetic inheritance of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in patients with down syndrome

Emir Behluli1, Nexhibe Nuhii2, Thomas Liehr3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo.

Journal of Mother and Child
|July 19, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Children with Down syndrome (DS) have a higher risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). DS-ALL patients face increased toxicity, necessitating research into inherited risks and targeted molecular therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Down syndrome (DS), caused by trisomy 21, significantly increases leukemia risk in children.
  • Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer, with DS patients facing unique challenges.
  • DS-ALL patients exhibit heightened susceptibility to therapy-related toxicity compared to non-DS counterparts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on inherited predispositions to ALL in the context of Down syndrome.
  • To explore potential molecular therapies for DS-ALL.
  • To summarize current treatment considerations for DS-ALL.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of inherited predisposition for ALL.
  • Analysis of molecular therapy options for DS-ALL.
  • Summary of treatment protocols and toxicity in DS-ALL.

Main Results:

  • Children with Down syndrome have a markedly increased risk of developing acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
  • DS-ALL patients experience greater therapy-related toxicity.
  • Inherited factors play a role in ALL development, particularly in DS.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the genetic basis of DS-ALL is crucial for improving outcomes.
  • Targeted molecular therapies offer promise for managing DS-ALL.
  • Specialized treatment protocols are needed to mitigate toxicity in DS-ALL patients.

Keywords:
Down syndrome (DS)acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL)gene mutationstherapy

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