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Updated: Sep 4, 2025
Four-Dimensional CT Analysis Using Sequential 3D-3D Registration
Published on: November 23, 2019
Study on the reconstruction of a four-dimensional movement model and the envelope surface of the condyle in normal
Chao Huang1, Xiangliang Xu1, Linlin Li2
1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P. R. China.
Abstract:
The objective of this study was to reconstruct the envelope surface of the condyle and the four-dimensional trajectory model in mandibular border movement in normal adults. Eleven healthy subjects were selected as volunteers. Cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) scanning was performed on the volunteers. The three-dimensional (3D) movement path of the mandible was recorded using a virtual articulator (PN-300), which was based on a 3D model of the mandible. We used Proplan CMF 3.0 (Materialise) software to perform this from the DICOM data generated by CBCT scans. The distance of condylar movement was measured in this model during volunteers' mouth opening, protrusion, and lateral excursions. The envelope surface of the condyle was reconstructed by merging a functional condylar surface at each recording moment during the movement of the whole border. In the mandibular digital models, the condyle moved downward firstly, and moved upward to the position of maximum mouth opening. The condyle moved forward and downward during protrusion. The working condyle rotated slightly and the non-working condyle moved forward, downward, and inward during lateral excursions. The mean (SD) movement distance of 11 subjects was 19.04 (4.37) mm during mouth opening (including downward and upward) and 9.75 (2.38) mm during protrusion. During lateral excursions the mean (SD) movement distance of the working condyle was 2.87 (1.13) mm, the mean (SD) movement distance of the non-working condyle was 10.85 (3.25) mm. The envelope surface of healthy volunteers showed a double-peak pattern. The envelope surface of the condyle and four-dimensional movement model can be reconstructed by merging the trajectory of the mandible recorded from the novel virtual articulator PN300 and a 3D image of the mandible.
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