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Anatomy of the Intestines01:23

Anatomy of the Intestines

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Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 4, 2025

Probiotic Studies in Neonatal Mice Using Gavage
10:36

Probiotic Studies in Neonatal Mice Using Gavage

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Exploring the association between microbiota and behaviour in suckling piglets.

R Choudhury1, A Middelkoop2, J E Bolhuis2

  • 1Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands.

Scientific Reports
|July 19, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study explored gut microbes and piglet behavior, finding specific bacteria linked to anxiety and exploration. Understanding the microbiota-gut-brain axis in young animals offers new insights.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Animal Behavior

Background:

  • The gut microbiota influences brain function and behavior through the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
  • Limited research exists on the gut microbiota's role in early-life behavior in livestock.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between gut microbiota composition and behavior in suckling piglets.
  • To identify specific microbial taxa related to personality, anxiety, and exploratory behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used for gut microbiota profiling at 2 and 4 weeks of age.
  • Behavioral tests included a backtest (personality), open field test (anxiety), and novel object test (exploration).
  • Multivariate statistical analyses were employed to correlate microbial data with behavioral outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Microbial groups like Coprococcus 3 and CAG-873 were associated with vocalizations (squeals) during the open field test.
  • Exploratory behavior in the novel object test showed significant associations with microbial genera such as Atopobium and Prevotella.
  • Individualized analyses revealed specific microbiota-behavior relationships within the piglet cohort.

Conclusions:

  • Gut microbiota composition is linked to specific behaviors in young piglets, highlighting the microbiota-gut-brain axis relevance.
  • The findings underscore the importance of considering individual microbial profiles when assessing animal behavior.
  • This research provides a foundation for future studies on gut health and behavior in swine.