Responding to a surge in overdose deaths: perspectives from US syringe services programs

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Epidemiology
• Substance Use Disorders

Background:

• US overdose deaths have surged to record highs.
• Syringe services programs (SSPs) are critical in mitigating this crisis by offering vital services to people who use drugs (PWUD).
• This study investigates SSP perspectives on overdose surge drivers, responses, and barriers.

Purpose of the Study:

• To examine the factors contributing to the record high US overdose surge.
• To understand how Syringe Services Programs (SSPs) are responding to the overdose crisis.
• To identify ongoing barriers faced by SSPs in preventing overdose deaths.

Main Methods:

• Conducted semi-structured interviews with leadership and staff from 27 SSPs across the US.
• Utilized a Rapid Assessment Process for qualitative analysis of transcribed interviews.
• Data collected between February 11, 2021, and April 23, 2021.

Main Results:

• Increased fentanyl use (alone and combined) and COVID-19 pandemic impacts (solitary use, mental health) were identified as key drivers of the overdose surge.
• SSPs have expanded naloxone distribution and adapted overdose prevention education, including for non-opioid drug users and fentanyl risks.
• Barriers include difficulty reaching specific PWUD populations, inconsistent naloxone supply, inadequate funding, legal/policy issues, and community stigma.

Conclusions:

• SSPs are essential in preventing overdose deaths, particularly amidst rising fentanyl prevalence and COVID-19 related challenges.
• Findings highlight the need for enhanced support for SSPs, including resources, political backing, and community partnerships.
• Addressing identified barriers is crucial for SSPs to effectively combat the escalating overdose crisis.