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Continuum breakdown in compressible mixing layers.

Vishnu Mohan1, A Sameen1, Balaji Srinivasan2

  • 1Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gas-kinetic simulations reveal two continuum breakdown regimes affecting fluid dynamics. Deviations in stress and heat flux depend on Knudsen and Mach numbers, with a new gradient Knudsen number proposed for rarefaction effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Computational physics
  • Rarefied gas dynamics

Background:

  • Continuum breakdown in fluid dynamics challenges classical theories.
  • The Kelvin-Helmholtz instability is crucial in compressible mixing layers.
  • Rarefied gas effects require advanced simulation methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize continuum breakdown in rarefied, compressible mixing layers.
  • To investigate the impact of continuum breakdown on Kelvin-Helmholtz instability.
  • To compare gas-kinetic simulations with Navier-Stokes-Fourier equations.

Main Methods:

  • Gas-kinetic simulations using the unified gas-kinetic scheme (UGKS).
  • Simulations conducted across various Mach and Knudsen numbers.
  • Comparison of UGKS stress tensor and heat-flux vector with Navier-Stokes-Fourier predictions.

Main Results:

  • Two distinct continuum breakdown regimes identified at low and high convective Mach numbers.
  • Deviations in stress and heat flux scale differently with Knudsen and Mach numbers based on regime.
  • A gradient Knudsen number is proposed to characterize local rarefaction effects.

Conclusions:

  • Continuum breakdown significantly alters stress and heat flux behavior in rarefied gases.
  • The unified gas-kinetic scheme provides insights into noncontinuum transport phenomena.
  • Grad's 13-moment equation model captures key noncontinuum gas-kinetic behaviors.