Force inference in granular materials: Uncertainty analysis and application to three-dimensional experiment design.
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.
Physical Review. E
|July 20, 2022
Summary
This study systematically analyzes uncertainties in inferring interparticle forces in granular materials. Results show errors increase with stress uncertainty but remain small for large forces, guiding better experimental design.
Area of Science:
- Physics
- Materials Science
- Granular Mechanics
Background:
- Interparticle forces significantly impact granular material properties.
- A force inference method exists but lacks systematic uncertainty analysis.
- Applications include force statistics, energy dissipation, and fracture mechanics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically analyze uncertainties in the force inference method for granular materials.
- To modify the technique for unit and origin independence.
- To investigate the impact of experimental and data-processing errors on inferred forces.
Main Methods:
- Reviewed and modified the force inference technique.
- Utilized discrete-element method (DEM) simulations.
- Systematically studied the effects of experimental uncertainties and data-processing errors.
Main Results:
- Inferred force errors increase with the ratio of particle stress uncertainties to system stress, but are small for large forces.
- Omitting moderate particle stress tensors causes negligible errors in force inference.
- Unmeasurable particle stress tensors can be recovered using the inference procedure.
Conclusions:
- Force inference method is robust to moderate data omissions.
- Recommendations are provided for experimental designs to minimize force inference uncertainties.
- The technique can recover otherwise unmeasurable stress tensors.
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