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Updated: Sep 4, 2025

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Advances and challenges in developing smart, multifunctional microneedles for biomedical applications.

Maryam Tavafoghi1, Fatemeh Nasrollahi1,2, Solmaz Karamikamkar2

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Biotechnology and Bioengineering
|July 20, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Smart microneedles (MNs) integrate biosensing and drug delivery for automated health monitoring. This advanced technology shows promise for personalized therapeutics and point-of-care diagnostics.

Keywords:
biosensingdrug deliverymicroneedlesmultifunctional

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Microneedles (MNs) are minimally invasive tools for diagnostics and therapeutics.
  • Growing interest in smart, multifunctional MN devices for automated, closed-loop systems.
  • Current technology is nascent but shows preclinical promise for broad applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare existing MN devices for biosensing and drug delivery.
  • To explore advanced MN systems with multiple capabilities like fluid extraction, biosensing, and drug delivery.
  • To highlight the potential of smart MNs for personalized therapeutics.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of stimuli-responsive biomaterials with microscale technologies (microsensors, microfluidics).
  • Development of MNs with drug carriers, biosensors, and data analyzers.
  • Utilizing hydrogel-based MNs for drug/cell delivery and interstitial fluid extraction.

Main Results:

  • Feasibility demonstrated for creating smart MNs controlling biofluid and drug transport.
  • Two strategies identified: modular MN units with microfluidics and integrated smart biomaterials.
  • Hydrogel-based MNs show high potential for drug delivery, cell delivery, and fluid extraction.

Conclusions:

  • Multifunctional MN devices offer a realistic platform for advanced personalized therapeutics.
  • Advancements in biomaterials and biofabrication are key to next-generation smart MNs.
  • Smart MNs promise automated, stimuli-responsive systems for diagnostics and treatment.