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Association Between Rotavirus Vaccination and Antibiotic Prescribing Among Commercially Insured US Children,

Eric W Hall1, Ashley Tippett2, Scott Fridkin3

  • 1School of Public Health, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.

Open Forum Infectious Diseases
|July 20, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Rotavirus vaccination significantly reduces antibiotic prescriptions for acute gastroenteritis in US children. This finding suggests a role for rotavirus vaccines in combating antibiotic resistance.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Vaccinology
  • Public health

Background:

  • Antibiotic resistance is a growing global health concern.
  • Vaccines are a potential strategy to control the spread of antibiotic resistance.
  • The impact of rotavirus vaccination on antibiotic use in the United States was previously unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between rotavirus vaccination and antibiotic use in children.
  • To determine if rotavirus vaccination influences antibiotic prescriptions for acute gastroenteritis (AGE).
  • To assess the potential impact of rotavirus vaccination on antibiotic resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of US children born 2007-2018 using IBM MarketScan data.
  • Comparison of antibiotic prescriptions for AGE between children with and without complete rotavirus vaccination.
  • Analysis included antibiotic switching and national prescription estimates.

Main Results:

  • Complete rotavirus vaccination was associated with a 20.7% reduction in antibiotic prescriptions for AGE.
  • Vaccinated children were less likely to switch antibiotics after an AGE diagnosis.
  • An estimated 67,045 antibiotic prescriptions were averted nationally due to rotavirus vaccination.

Conclusions:

  • Rotavirus vaccines effectively reduce antibiotic prescribing for acute gastroenteritis in children.
  • This reduction in antibiotic use may contribute to mitigating the development of antibiotic resistance.
  • Rotavirus vaccination represents a valuable tool in the public health strategy against antibiotic resistance.
Abstract

Keywords:
antibacterial agentsprescriptionsrotavirusvaccination

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