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Pneumothorax-I

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:

Pleura of the Lungs

Pleura of the Lungs

The lungs are nestled in a cavity, shielded by the pleura. The pleura, a form of serous membrane, wraps around each lung. This membrane arrangement consists of two layers: the visceral and parietal pleurae. The visceral pleura lines the surface of the lungIn contrast, the parietal pleura is the outer layer and contacts to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm. The hilum is the point of connection between the visceral and parietal layers. The space between the parietal and...

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 4, 2025

Mouse Pneumonectomy Model of Compensatory Lung Growth

Mouse Pneumonectomy Model of Compensatory Lung Growth

Published on: December 17, 2014

Pneumocephalus after subcutaneous emphysema.

Ahoud Alharbi^1,2,3, Sami Khairy^1,3, Ahmed Alkhani^1,3

¹Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Surgical Neurology International

|July 20, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Pneumocephalus, or intracranial air, can occur after medical procedures. This case highlights a rare instance of pneumocephalus developing after iatrogenic subcutaneous emphysema, emphasizing the need for early detection.

Keywords:

Emphysema Iatrogenic Pneumocephalus Trauma

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Radiology
Critical Care Medicine

Background:

Pneumocephalus is defined as air within the intracranial cavity, often resulting from trauma or surgery.
It signifies a communication pathway between the intracranial and extracranial spaces.

Observation:

A patient with a ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm developed pneumonia, cardiac arrest, and pneumothorax requiring chest tube insertion.
Following chest tube reinsertion, diffuse subcutaneous emphysema progressed to the face, with intracranial air observed on CT scan.

Findings:

Computed tomography revealed diffuse subcutaneous emphysema extending to the face and pneumocephalus.
Air was noted around a ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter, entering the ventricles through a burr hole, without evidence of skull base fracture.

Implications:

This case underscores the potential for pneumocephalus as a rare complication of iatrogenic subcutaneous emphysema.
Early recognition and anticipation of this complication are crucial in managing patients with subcutaneous emphysema.