Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Chemical Agents for Microbial Control01:27

Chemical Agents for Microbial Control

198
Chemicals play important roles in controlling microbial growth by targeting microbial structures and functions as sanitizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, and sterilants.Alcohols are commonly used sanitizers, effectively disrupting lipid membranes, which compromises cell integrity. They are also used as antiseptics and disinfectants due to their rapid action and versatility.Phenols and their derivatives phenolics , known for denaturing proteins and disrupting cell membranes, are particularly...
198
Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Radiation and Filtration01:26

Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Radiation and Filtration

215
Radiation and filtration are essential tools for microbial control, targeting microorganisms through distinct mechanisms. Radiation eliminates microbes by damaging their DNA, either killing them or inhibiting their growth. Based on wavelength, radiation is classified into two types: nonionizing and ionizing radiation.Non-ionizing radiation, such as UV radiation (200–400 nm), is absorbed by DNA, causing defects that effectively disinfect surfaces, air, and water, including safety cabinets.
215
Methods of Sterilization I: Physical Methods01:29

Methods of Sterilization I: Physical Methods

20.7K
As used in a healthcare facility, sterilization destroys all microorganisms through physical or chemical methods. The physical method includes steam, dry heat, boiling water, and radiation.
Steam sterilization uses non-toxic, low-cost moist heat in the form of saturated steam under pressure, which is fast, microbicidal, and sporicidal, and quickly warms and penetrates fabrics. Autoclaves, or steam sterilizers, expose each item to direct steam contact for a predetermined time at the necessary...
20.7K
Methods of Sterilization II: Chemical Methods01:30

Methods of Sterilization II: Chemical Methods

6.8K
In healthcare, the chemical method of sterilization uses chemical sterilants to treat surgical instruments and medical supplies to help prevent the transmission of infectious pathogens to patients. Due to heat sensitivity, most medical supplies and equipment should not be exposed to high temperatures. These parts include rubber, plastic, glass, and other similar elements.
Using chemical sterilization rather than heat to clean out equipment is recommended. It eradicates and removes all bacteria,...
6.8K
Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth01:29

Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth

467
Microbial growth control refers to various methods employed to inhibit, reduce, or eliminate microorganisms to ensure safety and hygiene across different settings. These methods are categorized based on the target environment and the level of microbial control required.Biocides are versatile agents designed to control microorganisms by either inhibiting their growth or outright killing them. These agents work through various physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological mechanisms. The...
467
Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Temperature01:23

Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Temperature

230
Heat is a widely used method to control microbial growth by targeting and denaturing cellular proteins, thereby killing or inactivating microbes. This method's effectiveness is quantified using parameters such as the thermal death point (TDP), thermal death time (TDT), and decimal reduction time (D value). TDP represents the lowest temperature at which all microorganisms in a liquid suspension are eliminated within 10 minutes, whereas TDT is the time necessary to achieve sterilization at a...
230

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Vaginal Estrogen for Urinary Tract Infection Prevention: A Narrative Review of Evidence, Guidelines, and Regulatory Gaps.

Gynecologic and obstetric investigation·2026
Same author

Silent spread: tuberculosis burden and care pathway delays among migrant and asylum-seeking children and adolescents in Scotland.

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases·2026
Same author

Superconducting properties of thin filmNb1-xTixN studied via the NMR of implanted<sup>8</sup>Li.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2025
Same author

Nudging towards COVID-19 and influenza vaccination in children with medically at-risk conditions.

Journal of public health (Oxford, England)·2025
Same author

Randomised controlled trials of behavioural nudges delivered through text messages to increase influenza and COVID-19 vaccine uptake among pregnant women (EPIC study) in Australia.

Vaccine·2025
Same author

Demonstration of a Home Laundering Method for Cloth Facepieces to Achieve Hygienic and Sustainable Reuse.

New solutions : a journal of environmental and occupational health policy : NS·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 4, 2025

Use of a Battery of Chemical and Ecotoxicological Methods for the Assessment of the Efficacy of Wastewater Treatment Processes to Remove Estrogenic Potency
09:49

Use of a Battery of Chemical and Ecotoxicological Methods for the Assessment of the Efficacy of Wastewater Treatment Processes to Remove Estrogenic Potency

Published on: September 11, 2016

14.2K

Microbial Inactivation: Gaseous or Aqueous Ozonation?

Emmanuel I Epelle1,2, Amy Emmerson1, Marija Nekrasova1

  • 1School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, U.K.

Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research
|July 20, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Ozone is a powerful antimicrobial agent effective in both air and water. This study found ozone generally more effective in gaseous form than in water against common microbes, aiding optimized decontamination strategies.

More Related Videos

The Portable Chemical Sterilizer PCS, D-FENS, and D-FEND ALL: Novel Chlorine Dioxide Decontamination Technologies for the Military
14:17

The Portable Chemical Sterilizer PCS, D-FENS, and D-FEND ALL: Novel Chlorine Dioxide Decontamination Technologies for the Military

Published on: June 29, 2014

14.6K
Inactivation of Pathogens via Visible-Light Photolysis of Riboflavin-5&#8242;-Phosphate
08:25

Inactivation of Pathogens via Visible-Light Photolysis of Riboflavin-5′-Phosphate

Published on: April 6, 2022

2.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 4, 2025

Use of a Battery of Chemical and Ecotoxicological Methods for the Assessment of the Efficacy of Wastewater Treatment Processes to Remove Estrogenic Potency
09:49

Use of a Battery of Chemical and Ecotoxicological Methods for the Assessment of the Efficacy of Wastewater Treatment Processes to Remove Estrogenic Potency

Published on: September 11, 2016

14.2K
The Portable Chemical Sterilizer PCS, D-FENS, and D-FEND ALL: Novel Chlorine Dioxide Decontamination Technologies for the Military
14:17

The Portable Chemical Sterilizer PCS, D-FENS, and D-FEND ALL: Novel Chlorine Dioxide Decontamination Technologies for the Military

Published on: June 29, 2014

14.6K
Inactivation of Pathogens via Visible-Light Photolysis of Riboflavin-5&#8242;-Phosphate
08:25

Inactivation of Pathogens via Visible-Light Photolysis of Riboflavin-5′-Phosphate

Published on: April 6, 2022

2.0K

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Microbiology
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Ozone (O3) possesses well-documented antimicrobial properties in both gaseous and aqueous states.
  • Its versatility allows application across various industries, with medium selection often dependent on process needs.
  • Comparative efficacy studies of ozone in air versus water at equivalent concentrations are scarce.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comparatively evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of ozone in gaseous and aqueous phases.
  • To assess ozone's effectiveness against a panel of Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, and fungi.
  • To provide data for optimizing ozone-based decontamination processes.

Main Methods:

  • Gaseous ozonation was performed in a custom-built ozone chamber with ultraviolet lamps.
  • Aqueous ozonation utilized an electrolysis oxygen radical generator.
  • Antimicrobial efficacy was tested on fabric swatches inoculated with *Escherichia coli*, *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*, *Staphylococcus aureus*, *Streptococcus mutans*, *Candida albicans*, and *Aspergillus fumigatus*.
  • Ozone nanobubble stability and aqueous disinfection efficiency were analyzed using dynamic light scattering.

Main Results:

  • Ozone demonstrated higher antimicrobial efficacy in the gaseous phase compared to the aqueous phase for most tested microorganisms.
  • *Staphylococcus aureus* was an exception, showing comparable susceptibility in both media.
  • Ozone nanobubble characteristics influenced aqueous disinfection efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Gaseous ozone generally exhibits superior antimicrobial activity over aqueous ozone for the tested organisms, except for *Staphylococcus aureus*.
  • Findings support the adjustment of ozone concentration and exposure time for specific decontamination needs based on the chosen medium.
  • This research provides crucial insights for tailoring ozone-based disinfection strategies in diverse industrial applications.