Possibility of the COVID-19 third wave in India: mapping from second wave to third wave

After a consistent drop in daily new coronavirus cases during the second wave of COVID-19 in India, there is speculation about the possibility of a future third wave of the virus. The pandemic is returning in different waves; therefore, it is necessary to determine the factors or conditions at the initial stage under which a severe third wave could occur. Therefore, first, we examine the effect of related multi-source data, including social mobility patterns, meteorological indicators, and air pollutants, on the COVID-19 cases during the initial phase of the second wave so as to predict the plausibility of the third wave. Next, based on the multi-source data, we proposed a simple short-term fixed-effect multiple regression model to predict daily confirmed cases. The study area findings suggest that the coronavirus dissemination can be well explained by social mobility. Furthermore, compared with benchmark models, the proposed model improves prediction R ² by 33.6%, 10.8%, 27.4%, and 19.8% for Maharashtra, Kerala, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu, respectively. Thus, the simplicity and interpretability of the model are a meaningful contribution to determining the possibility of upcoming waves and direct pandemic prevention and control decisions at a local level in India.