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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

657
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 4, 2025

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Auto-immune thyroiditis in SARS-CoV-2 exposed twins.

V Sakaleshpur Kumar1, S R Dhananjaya, H S Sathish

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Subbaiah Institute of Medical Sciences & Sarji Hospital, Shivamogga, India. drshivaraj@yahoo.com.

European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences
|July 20, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can trigger autoimmune thyroiditis and primary hypothyroidism in children. This study highlights potential thyroid sequelae in adolescents post-COVID-19 infection.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been associated with various organ-specific complications.
  • Thyroid dysfunction has been reported as a sequela, primarily in adult populations.

Observation:

  • This report details two previously healthy adolescent twins who developed hypothyroidism following a mild COVID-19 infection.
  • Clinical presentation included symptoms of hypothyroidism, elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), low free thyroxine (FT4), and positive anti-thyroid peroxidase and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies.

Findings:

  • Investigations confirmed autoimmune thyroiditis leading to primary hypothyroidism in both adolescent twins.
  • The patients exhibited a rapid clinical improvement after appropriate thyroid hormone replacement therapy.

Implications:

  • This case suggests a potential link between COVID-19 infection and the development of autoimmune thyroiditis and primary hypothyroidism in genetically susceptible children.
  • It expands the known spectrum of post-infectious sequelae in pediatric populations, emphasizing the need for monitoring thyroid function after COVID-19.