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Evaluating a brief intervention for mealtime difficulty on older adults with dementia.

Salma Rehman1, Gloria Likupe1, Agi McFarland2

  • 1Faculty of Health and Social Work, University of Hull, Hull, UK.

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Spaced retrieval therapy effectively reduced mealtime difficulties and improved nutritional scores in older adults with dementia. This intervention shows promise for enhancing eating experiences in care settings.

Keywords:
dementiamealtimesnutritionolder peoplesingle-case studyspaced retrieval

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Nutrition

Background:

  • Dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, often leads to significant mealtime difficulties for older adults.
  • These challenges can negatively impact nutritional status and quality of life.
  • Existing interventions may not fully address the specific needs of individuals with dementia during mealtimes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of a spaced retrieval intervention in alleviating mealtime difficulties in older individuals with dementia.
  • To assess the impact of the intervention on nutritional status and body mass index.
  • To explore the feasibility and potential benefits of spaced retrieval for this population.

Main Methods:

  • A single-case study design with an ABA structure was employed.
  • Data were collected using the Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia scale, Mini Nutritional Assessment, and Body Mass Index.
  • Realist and economic evaluations were conducted to understand intervention effectiveness and cost-efficiency.

Main Results:

  • The spaced retrieval intervention led to a reduction in mealtime difficulties for most participants.
  • Six out of eight completers maintained improvements in phase A3.
  • Nutritional scores showed similar positive patterns, with moderate to large effect sizes observed.

Conclusions:

  • Spaced retrieval therapy is a potentially effective intervention for reducing mealtime difficulties in older adults with dementia.
  • The findings suggest that this method can positively influence nutritional outcomes.
  • Further large-scale, multicenter trials are recommended to validate these results across diverse populations.