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The cognitive-affective crossfire: when self-consistency confronts self-enhancement.

W B Swann, J J Griffin, S C Predmore

    Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
    |May 1, 1987
    PubMed
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    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Social Psychology
    • Cognitive Psychology

    Background:

    • Self-consistency theory posits individuals seek predictable social treatment.
    • Self-enhancement theory suggests people desire positive social regard.
    • Reconciling these theories is crucial for understanding self-perception.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To test if cognitive responses align with self-consistency and affective responses with self-enhancement.
    • To investigate the interplay between self-concept, social feedback, and psychological reactions.
    • To explore the independence of cognitive and affective systems in response to self-relevant information.

    Main Methods:

    • Participants with positive or negative self-concepts received favorable or unfavorable social feedback.
    • Measured cognitive reactions, such as perceived self-descriptiveness.
    • Measured affective reactions, including mood states.

    Main Results:

    • Cognitive responses were primarily influenced by the consistency of social feedback.
    • Affective responses were predominantly controlled by the enhancing nature of the feedback.
    • Evidence suggests distinct drivers for cognitive and affective reactions to social feedback.

    Conclusions:

    • Cognitive and affective responses to self-relevant social feedback operate through partially independent systems.
    • This dual-system model helps resolve paradoxes in how individuals process social information.
    • Findings support a nuanced understanding of self-perception, integrating consistency and enhancement motives.

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