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Related Concept Videos

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

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Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
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Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
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The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
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Imagine adding a small amount of sugar to a glass of water, stirring until all the sugar has dissolved, and then adding a bit more. You can repeat this process until the sugar concentration of the solution reaches its natural limit, a limit determined primarily by the relative strengths of the solute-solute, solute-solvent, and solvent-solvent attractive forces. You can be certain that you have reached this limit because, no matter how long you stir the solution, undissolved sugar remains. The...
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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Growing Protein Crystals with Distinct Dimensions Using Automated Crystallization Coupled with In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering
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Instability mediated self-templating of drop crystals.

Lingzhi Cai1, Joel Marthelot1,2, P-T Brun1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.

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Closely spaced liquid threads form crystal-like droplet lattices when breaking up in an immiscible bath. This new phenomenon allows for tunable patterns and self-correction, advancing fluid manipulation techniques.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Materials science
  • Physics of liquids

Background:

  • Drop formation is common in nature and engineering.
  • Previous studies focused on single, axisymmetric liquid threads.
  • The behavior of multiple interacting threads and symmetry-breaking effects were unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the breakup dynamics of closely spaced liquid threads.
  • Explore the formation of droplet lattices.
  • Understand the underlying hydrodynamics and control mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Sequential printing of liquid threads in an immiscible bath.
  • Observation and analysis of droplet lattice formation.
  • Control of injection flow rate and nozzle translation speed.

Main Results:

  • Closely spaced liquid threads form ordered, crystal-like lattices of droplets.
  • Hydrodynamic interactions drive the lattice formation.
  • Lattice patterns can be tuned by controlling printing parameters.
  • Droplet crystals exhibit self-correction towards uniform patterns.

Conclusions:

  • A novel phenomenon of droplet lattice formation from multiple liquid threads is discovered.
  • The study provides a hydrodynamic explanation for this phenomenon.
  • Control over droplet crystal patterns is achieved, offering new possibilities in fluid manipulation.
  • Self-correcting properties of droplet crystals are demonstrated.