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Related Concept Videos

Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs01:02

Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs

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Prescription drugs require a prescription from a medical practitioner and can only be obtained from a pharmacy. They have many applications, including treating pain, anxiety, and hypertension.
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Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview01:26

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Drugs, the chemical agents used in diagnosing, treating, or preventing diseases, undergo a four-phase process of development: pharmaceutic, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic.
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Pharmaceutical substances known as xenobiotics are predominantly lipophilic and nonionized. This enables them to permeate lipid bilayers, such as cell membranes, and interact with intracellular target receptors. Lipophilic drugs have an advantage in crossing biological barriers and reaching their intended sites of action. However, lipophilic drugs often have a restricted capacity for renal expulsion or elimination from the body. When these drugs enter the kidneys and undergo glomerular...
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Understanding drugs, drug products, and their performance in pharmaceutical science is pivotal. Drugs, whether simple molecules or complex compounds, are designed to interact with the body's biological systems to diagnose, treat, or prevent diseases. Drug products include various delivery systems such as tablets, capsules, injections, and inhalers. The performance of these drug products is gauged by their ability to deliver the active ingredient to the desired site of action at the...
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Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
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Updated: Sep 4, 2025

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System
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Greening the pharmacy.

Gorka Orive1,2,3,4, Unax Lertxundi5, Tomas Brodin6

  • 1Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New research is crucial to develop effective strategies for reducing the environmental harm caused by pharmaceutical pollution. Addressing the ecological impact of medicines requires innovative solutions and further scientific investigation.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Ecotoxicology
  • Pharmaceutical Science

Background:

  • Pharmaceuticals are essential for human and animal health.
  • The presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment is a growing concern.
  • Existing measures are insufficient to mitigate the ecological impact of pharmaceutical residues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the urgent need for new research.
  • To emphasize the necessity of developing novel strategies.
  • To address the ecological impact of pharmaceuticals in ecosystems.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on pharmaceutical pollution.
  • Analysis of existing environmental monitoring data.
  • Identification of knowledge gaps in pharmaceutical ecotoxicology.

Main Results:

  • Significant ecological risks associated with pharmaceutical residues.
  • Limited effectiveness of current wastewater treatment technologies.
  • Lack of comprehensive regulatory frameworks for pharmaceutical discharge.

Conclusions:

  • Urgent development of new measures and research is required.
  • Integrated approaches are needed to manage pharmaceutical pollution.
  • Further investigation into the long-term ecological effects is essential.