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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids01:21

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids

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Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
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Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:29

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Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
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Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
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Alcohol Use During Chemotherapy: A Pilot Study.

Lin Zhao1, Alexandria Cull Weatherer2, Sarah Kerch3

  • 1Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin.

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|July 20, 2022
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Summary

Alcohol consumption during chemotherapy is prevalent among cancer survivors, with nearly a third reporting use. This drinking behavior may lead to complications and warrants further investigation for intervention strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Public Health
  • Cancer Survivorship

Background:

  • Alcohol consumption is a known risk factor for cancer development and can complicate treatment.
  • Limited data exists on the prevalence of alcohol use among patients undergoing chemotherapy.
  • This pilot study addresses this gap by examining alcohol use during chemotherapy in cancer survivors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of self-reported alcohol consumption during chemotherapy among cancer survivors.
  • To identify potential risk factors associated with alcohol use during this critical treatment period.
  • To lay the groundwork for future research and the development of targeted interventions.

Main Methods:

  • A pilot study surveyed 69 cancer survivors from the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin (SHOW) study.
  • Participants reported on their alcohol consumption patterns while undergoing chemotherapy.
  • Statistical analysis, including rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), was used to identify associations.

Main Results:

  • 30.4% of cancer survivors reported consuming alcohol during chemotherapy.
  • Among those who drank, 38.1% experienced complications.
  • Alcohol use was more common in older adults (65+), men, current/former smokers, and those with non-alcohol-related cancers.

Conclusions:

  • Alcohol use during chemotherapy is a common occurrence among cancer survivors.
  • This behavior may be linked to an increased risk of treatment complications.
  • Further research is essential to understand the full scope of this issue and to develop effective interventions.