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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

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The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment00:59

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment

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All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

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Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
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Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

283
Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 4, 2025

Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging
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Relayed hyperpolarization for zero-field nuclear magnetic resonance.

Erik T Van Dyke1,2,3, James Eills1,2,3,4, Román Picazo-Frutos1,2,3

  • 1Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany.

Science Advances
|July 20, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The parahydrogen-based SABRE-Relay method enables broader hyperpolarization for zero- to ultralow-field nuclear magnetic resonance (ZULF NMR) spectroscopy. This technique expands ZULF NMR applications to various chemicals, including those found in everyday products like vodka.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
  • Hyperpolarization Techniques
  • Chemical Physics

Background:

  • Zero- to ultralow-field nuclear magnetic resonance (ZULF NMR) offers rich spectroscopic data without high magnetic fields.
  • Current ZULF NMR signal generation methods are limited in chemical scope and cost-prohibitive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the parahydrogen-based SABRE-Relay method as a general approach for generating hyperpolarized analytes for ZULF NMR.
  • To expand the applicability of ZULF NMR to a wider range of chemical samples.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the SABRE-Relay technique to hyperpolarize various 13C-labeled molecules (methanol, ethanol).
  • Observed zero-field J-spectra of hyperpolarized analytes.
  • Investigated the magnetic field dependence of SABRE-Relay efficiency.

Main Results:

  • Successfully generated hyperpolarized [13C]-methanol, [1-13C]-ethanol, and [2-13C]-ethanol using SABRE-Relay.
  • Identified a secondary maximum in SABRE-Relay efficiency at 19.0 ± 0.3 mT.
  • Demonstrated hyperpolarization of ethanol from a commercial vodka sample, even in the presence of water.

Conclusions:

  • The SABRE-Relay method provides a versatile and cost-effective route to hyperpolarized precursors for ZULF NMR.
  • This advancement significantly broadens the scope of molecules and sample types amenable to ZULF NMR analysis.